Step 4: Identifying Type of Instructional Learning Targets and Matching Learning Targets and Assessment Methods
"One way you will know that your targets are clear and usable is if you can determine what kind of learning is being called for. The accuracy of the assessments you develop will depend in part on your ability to classify learning targets in any written curriculum in a way that helps ensure a dependable assessment"
–Chappuis et al. 2012
Types of Instructional Learning Targets
The authors of Classroom Assessment of Student Learning (Chappuis et al. 2012) identify four primary types of instructional learning targets:
- Knowledge targets
- Reasoning targets
- Skill targets
- Product targets

Select the link below to view a table displaying these types of instructional learning targets, along with examples of the CA CCSS that illustrate the target types.
Types of Instructional Learning Targets
The graphic below shows the types of instructional learning targets to the right of the previously identified targets for the Grade 4 standard:
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Select the link to view the Graphic Organizer in progress: Graphic Organizer: Steps 1–4
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